MPA (Multi-Page Application)

An application where every action loads a new full HTML page from the server. Example: Amazon, eBay.

SPA (Single-Page Application)

An application that loads one main page and updates content using JavaScript without reloading the whole page. Example: Gmail, Facebook.

3-Tier Architecture

1. Presentation Tier – the user interface 2. Logic/Application Tier – backend processing 3. Data Tier – database and storage

LAMP Stack

L – Linux A – Apache M – MySQL P – PHP

MERN Stack

M – MongoDB E – Express.js R – React N – Node.js

Web Server

Software that receives requests from browsers and returns web pages or data.

Database

A system that stores and manages data for applications.

Frontend

Everything the user sees and interacts with in a browser.

Backend

Server-side code that processes logic, handles requests and connects to the database.

API (Application Programming Interface)

A way for software systems to talk to each other using structured requests and responses.

Client-Side Rendering (CSR)

Rendering done in the browser using JavaScript.

Server-Side Rendering (SSR)

Rendering done on the server before sending HTML to the browser.